中四测验一词语解释
这次发帖比较晚，不好意思。早些时候没有想到能够用这样的方式和学生分享以下的资料。得感谢部门新的教师助理蔡老师辛苦整理以下的资料。
1．安然无恙 [ānránwúyàng]
恙：病。原指人平安没有疾病。现泛指事物平安未遭损害。
[Chinese idiom] safe and sound; (escape) unscathed; all right; alright
2．长途跋涉 [chángtúbáshè]
跋涉：翻山越岭、趟水过河。指远距离的翻山渡水。形容路途遥远，行路辛苦。
[Chinese idiom] make a long, arduous journey; trudge a long distance; trek a long way; slog
3．鞭笞 [biānchī]
〈书〉用鞭子或板子打。
verb [书] flog
这种行为应该受到舆论的鞭笞。
4．不胜枚举 [búshèngméijǔ]
胜：尽；枚：个。不能一个个地列举出来。形容数量很多。
[Chinese idiom] too numerous to mention individually (or one by one)
诸如此类的事情，不胜枚举。
Things like these defy enumeration.
诸如此类，不胜枚举。
Such instances are too numerous to mention.
5．放荡不羁 [fàngdàngbùjī]
羁：约束。放纵任性，不加检点，不受约束
Chinese idiom] unconventional and unrestrained; bohemian
他喜欢自由自在的生活， 是个放荡不羁的人。
He likes freedom, and is an unrestrained person.
6．恻隐之心 [cèyǐnzhīxīn]
恻隐：对别人的不幸表示同情。形容对人寄予同情。
[Chinese idiom] compassion
恻隐之心，人皆有之。
Compassion is common to all men.
他对那个孤儿起了恻隐之心。
His heart went out to the orphan
7．嗤之以鼻 [chīzhīyǐbí]
嗤：讥笑。用鼻子吭声冷笑。表示轻蔑。
The statesman scoffed at the despites from his political enemy.
这位政治家对政敌的攻击嗤之以鼻。
8．憧憬 [chōngjǐng]
向往：未来美好的憧憬｜憧憬着未来。
verb look forward to
憧憬着更为美好的未来
yearning for a better and brighter future
青年的憧憬
yearnings of young people
His visions of utopianmism brought him to this island.
他带着不切实际的憧憬，来到了这个岛。
9．吹毛求疵 [chuīmáoqiúcī]
求：找寻；疵：毛病。吹开皮上的毛寻疤痕。比喻故意挑剔别人的缺点，寻找差错。
总的说来，这是一本好书，若对不足之处过多指摘，未免吹毛求疵。
On the whole it's a good book; and it would be nitpicking to dwell on those small defects. →
10．蹉跎岁月 [cuōtuósuìyuè]
蹉跎：时光白白过去。把时光白白地耽误过去。指虚度光阴。
[Chinese idiom] let time slip by accomplishing nothing; idle away one's time
11．得逞 [déchěng]
实现；达到目的(现多用于贬义)：阴谋得逞
verb [贬] succeed
他们的阴谋没能得逞。
Their plot failed to succeed
敌军企图突围，但未得逞。
The enemy failed in his attempt to effect a breakthrough
敌人想要占领这座月城， 却一直未能得逞。
The enemy wanted toremake this city in the shape of a crescent, but hasn't suceeded yet.
12．杜绝 [dùjué]
①制止；消灭（坏事）：～贪污和浪费ㄧ～一切漏洞。
②旧时出卖田地房产，在契约上写明不得回赎叫杜绝。
verb put an end to
杜绝弊端
stop all corrupt practices
杜绝浪费
put an end to waste
走后门是不正之风，要杜绝。
The irregular practice of pulling strings and abusing influence must be stopped.
盗版光碟无法彻底杜绝， 整治过后又沉滓再起。
The production of pirated video discs can't be completely stopped. Stop one producer, and a new one will take their place.
我们要杜绝向人家吃拿卡要的行为。
We should put a stop to abuses of power.
加强冬防， 杜绝火灾。
In winter, measures should be taken to prevent fires from breaking out.
我们要杜绝摆阔气的流行病。
We should put an end to the prevalent social evil of parading one’s wealth.
我们一定要杜绝考试作弊的歪风邪气。
We must eradicate the unhealthy tendency of cheating in exams.
官僚主义是一种十分恶劣的作风， 必须杜绝。
Bureaucratism is a very bad style of work which must be eliminated
13．遏制 [èzhì]
制止；控制：～对方的攻势ㄧ～不住的激情。
verb keep a check on[
遏制不住的笑声
uncontrollable laughter
遏制愤怒的情绪
check one's anger
不可遏制的欲望
an irrepressible desire
只有从重处理这类案件， 才能遏制住这股邪风。
Only by giving serious punishment to this kind of case can this unhealthy trend be put under control.
这股浮夸风， 必须遏制！
We must stop such empty pomp and show.
经过累次打击，走私得到遏制。
After repeated attacks the smuggling was finally contained.
十字军东征期间，西欧各国设法遏制伊斯兰势力的扩张。
During the Crusades,
14．反哺之心
15．成绩斐然
制止；控制：～对方的攻势ㄧ～不住的激情。
(achieve) splendid results
各部门联合展开的扫黄打非活动成绩斐然。
The joint efforts of different departments to sweep illegal porno publications have achieved great success.
16．匪夷所思 [fěiyísuǒsī]
匪：不是；夷：平常。指言谈行动离奇古怪，不是一般人根据常情所能想象的。
17．肺腑之言 [fèifǔzhīyán]
肺腑：指内心。出于内心的真诚的话
[Chinese idiom] words from the bottom of one's heart
18．高瞻远瞩 [gāozhānyuǎnzhǔ]
瞻：视，望；瞩：注视。站得高，看得远。比喻眼光远大。
[Chinese idiom] words from the bottom of one's heart
19．孤注一掷 [gūzhùyízhì]
把所有的钱一次押上去，决一输赢。比喻在危急时用尽所有力量作最后一次冒险。
put all one’s eggs in one basket
他从不做孤注一掷的事。
He never puts all his eggs in one basket.
她只能孤注一掷，离开她的丈夫，所以她趁着夜色跑了。
She had to made a desperate attempt to leave her husband so she left under the cover of night.
20. 打开话匣子
让压抑着的感情奔放
他打开话匣子就没个完。
Once he opens his mouth, he never stops.
他的话匣子一打开，就不容易收场。
Once he opens his trap, he just never stops
21．经济拮据
处境困难（尤指经济拮据）；（财务上）感到周转不灵，感到不稳定
我经济拮据。
I'm on a tight budget
22. 脍炙人口 [kuàizhìrénkǒu]
脍：切细的肉；炙：烤熟的肉。脍和炙都是人们爱吃的食物。指美味人人爱吃。比喻好的诗文受到人们和称赞和传讼。
一首脍炙人口的唐诗
an oft-quoted and widely loved Tang poem
《风雨归舟》是一首脍炙人口的单弦岔曲儿。
"Feng Yu Gui Zhou"(a boat coming home in a storm) is a popular monochord ditty.
他的文章脍炙人口。
His article won universal acclaim.
23. 临渴掘井 [línkějuéjǐng]
到口渴才掘井。比喻事先没有准备，临时才想办法。
[Chinese idiom] not dig a well until one is thirsty—start acting too late; make an eleventh-hour attempt
24．淋漓尽致 [línlíjìnzhì]
淋漓：形容湿淋淋往下滴，比喻尽情，酣畅；尽致：达到极点。形容文章或说话表达得非常充分、透彻，或非常痛快。
刻画得淋漓尽致
portray most vividly
揭露得淋漓尽致
make a telling exposure
他这番表演，真可谓淋漓尽致。
He put on an act, which showed him up completely.
25．毛遂自荐 [máosuìzìjiàn]
毛遂自我推荐。比喻自告奋勇，自己推荐自己担任某项工作。
26. 藐视 [miǎoshì]
轻视：藐视困难｜在战略上藐视敌人。
verb treat … with contempt
对困难既不要藐视，也不要惧怕。
You should neither belittle nor fear difficulties.
他会因你的藐视态度而报复你的。
Your despite at him will incur his revenge.
27．虔诚 [qiánchéng]
恭敬而有诚意。
adjective devout
虔诚的佛教徒
a pious adherent of Buddhism; devout Buddhist
虔诚地祈祷上帝
pray devoutly to God
信徒们朝山进香， 无比虔诚。
Pious Buddhists make a pilgrimage to a mountain temple where they burn incense before Buddha in a display of devout reverence.
虔诚的高原人民把经文写在风幡上， 祈求幸福吉祥。
The pious people of the plateau wrote their wishes on the flags to pray for happiness.
他是一名虔诚的佛徒， 已经出家修行二十年了。
He is a pious Buddhist and has been a monk for 20 years.
他在经学院教授圣经， 是个虔诚的基督徒。
He teaches the Bible in theological schools and is a pious Christian.
大家都在很认真虔诚地听堪布讲经。
Everybody is listening carefully to the eminent lama expounding the text.
他读可兰经时， 神情认真虔诚。
When he is reading the Koran, he looks very serious and pious.
他虔诚礼佛， 一心向善。
He is a pious religious follower, and completely devoted to doing good.
这个建在深山里的尼姑庵， 住着几个虔诚的尼姑。
Several devout nuns live in the convent located in remote mountains.
28．倾向 [qīngxiàng]
①偏向于一方：请在讨论中明确表示倾向｜我倾向甲方意见。
②发展变化的趋势：看准倾向。
③地质构造面由高处指向低处的方向。用构造面上与走向线垂直并沿斜面向下的倾斜线在水平面上的投影线(称作倾向线)表示。是地质体在空间赋存状况的一个重要参数。verb incline to
noun tendency
要注意一种倾向有可能掩盖另一种倾向。
One must be alive to the possibility that one tendency may conceal another.
防止一种倾向掩盖另一种倾向。
对这部电视系列片的评价，显然有故意拔高的倾向。
There is apparently a tendency to overrate this TV series.
不良倾向一冒头就要抓住它。
Watch out for harmful tendencies and deal with them the moment they crop up.
这两种方案我倾向于第一种。
Of the two plans, I prefer the first.
29．热忱 [rèchén]
热烈的心意：热忱欢迎｜一片热忱。
noun enthusiasm
满腔热忱地接待顾客
willingly wait on customers
满腔热忱地提出建议
propose in all earnestness
对同志对人民极端的热忱
extreme warmheartedness towards one's comrades and the people
30．赡养费 [shànyǎngfèi]
供给人财物：供给生活所需
payment for support of one's parents;maintenance
31．值得商榷
这一点值得商榷。
This point is open to question.
32. 收敛 [shōuliǎn]
① 收割农作物：霜晴收敛少在家，饼饵今冬不忧窄。
② 收租税：收敛关市山林泽梁之利，以实官府。
③ 减少；收束：收敛笑容｜夕照渐渐收敛。
④ 减轻行为不好的程度：任性使气，不自收敛｜到了中年，才逐渐收敛浮滑之气。
verb [笑容] vanish
她的笑容突然收敛了。
Her smile suddenly disappeared.
碰了钉子以后，他收敛些了。
He has pulled in his horns since that setback.
他继续胡作非为，毫无收敛。
Unrelentingly he pursued his course of evil.
33. 素昧平生 [sùmèipíngshēng]
昧：不了解；平生：平素、往常。彼此一向不了解。指与某人从来不认识。
我同他素昧平生。
I have never had the honour of making his acquaintance. or I know nothing about him.
一个素昧平生的人
a complete stranger
一位素昧平生的女孩子给她买了火车票。
A girl she had never met before bought her a train ticket.
34．同舟共济 [tóngzhōugòngjì]
舟：船；济：渡，过洒。坐一条船，共同渡河。比喻团结互助，同心协力，战胜困难。也比喻利害相同。
让我们同舟共济，共同努力吧。
We're all in the same boat, so let's work together.
35．话不投契
36．未雨绸缪 [wèiyǔchóumóu]
绸缪：紧密缠缚。天还没有下雨，先把门窗绑牢。比喻事先做好准备工作。
[Chinese idiom] repair the house before it rains; provide for a rainy day; take precautions
37．完美无瑕
绸缪：紧密缠缚。天还没有下雨，先把门窗绑牢。比喻事先做好准备工作。
perfect; flawless
38．循循善诱 [xúnxúnshànyòu]
循循：有次序的样子；善：善于；诱：引导。指善于引导别人进行学习。
39．怏怏不乐 [yànɡyànɡbùlè]
怏怏：形容不满意的神情。心中郁闷，很不快活。
[Chinese idiom] To describe an unsatisfied and unhappy appearance
他迟到被扣奖金， 怏怏不乐的。
His bonus has been reduced because he was late for work a few times, he is unhappy about it.
40．舆论 [yúlùn]
公众的言论。
noun public opinion
那些战俘受到了不人道的待遇，世界舆论为之震惊。
Inhuman treatment of the prisoners of war shocked world opinion.
41．啧啧称奇
42真知灼见 [zhēnzhīzhuójiàn]
灼：明白，透彻。正确而透彻的见解。
[Chinese idiom] Correct understanding and thorough viewpoints. (灼: clear and thorough)
你说话的理路不清， 尽管是真知灼见， 却不能为人理解。
You speak with muzzy consecution. Though they are penetrating judgment, they can't be understood.
与会的嘉宾都发表了自己的真知灼见。
All the guests participating in the conference have expressed their real knowledge and deep insight.
43. 嗷嗷待哺 [áo'áodàibǔ]
嗷嗷：哀鸣声；待：等待；哺：喂食。饥饿时急于求食的样子。形容受饥饿的悲惨情景。
[Chinese idiom] (of starving people or young animals) cry piteously for food
44. 堡垒 [bǎolěi]
①在冲要地点作防守用的坚固建筑物。
②比喻难于攻破的事物或不容易接受进步思想的人：封建～ㄧ科学～ㄧ顽固～（比喻十分顽固的人）。
堡垒是最容易从内部攻破的。
The easiest way to capture a fortress is from within.
这个堡垒是攻不破的。
This is an impregnable fortress.
45．惆怅 [chóuchàng]
失意而伤感：既自以心为形役，奚惆怅而独悲!
adjective melancholy
他这一走，她似乎有些惆怅。
She seems rather melancholy now that he has gone away.
他离开时依依不舍， 只留下更多的惆怅。
He was reluctant to part, which left behind more disconsolation.
46. 初生之犊 [chūshēngzhīdú]
刚出生的小牛，比喻单纯或勇猛的青年人。
[Chinese idiom] A young man or woman who fears nothing.
他是初生之犊， 正是敢想敢干的时候。
Like a calf dreads nothing, he is just undergoing the period when he isn't hesitant to do whatever he wants.
47．揣测 [chuǎicè]
推想；估计：难以揣测｜事实证实了他的揣测。
verb guess
据我揣测，他已经离开太原了。
My guess is that he's already left
48．噩耗 [èhào]
指亲近的人死亡的消息。
noun [sg] devastating news
噩耗传来，犹如晴天霹雳。
The grievous news came like a bolt from the blue.
听到噩耗他一下跌坐在地， 失声痛哭。
On hearing the bad news, he fell to the ground and cried his heart out.
突然听到噩耗， 她柔肠寸断、悲痛欲绝。
After hearing the bad news of the death of a close friend, she was heartbroken and grief-stricken.
这个噩耗无疑于一颗重磅炸弹， 让他一时无法接受。
This sad news is undoubtedly like a heavy bomb he can't possibly accept within a short period of time.
49．等闲之辈
等闲：寻常，一般。无足轻重的寻常人。
50．风靡全球
51．赋予 [fùyǔ]
交给（重大任务、使命等）：这是历史～我们的重任。
verb give
大自然赋予人类直立行走的能力。
Nature gave humans the ability to walk upright.
女王赋予了她丈夫发动战争的全部权利。
The queen delegated the entire warmaking power to her husband.
我感激安妮赋予我口才这个无价之宝。
I owe thanks to Annie or this priceless gift of speech.
52．苟且偷安 [gǒuqiětōu'ān]
苟且：得过且过；偷安：只图眼前的安逸。只顾眼前的安逸，不顾将来。
[Chinese idiom] seek a moment's peace however one can; be content with temporary ease and comfort
53．含辛茹苦 [hánxīnrúkǔ]
辛：辣；茹：吃。形容忍受辛苦或吃尽辛苦。
她含辛茹苦地养大了5个孩子。
She endured a lot of hardship bringing up her five children.
54．坚贞不渝
坚守节操，决不改变。
55．接踵而来 [jiēzhǒng'érlái]
指人们前脚跟着后脚，接连不断地来。形容来者很多，络绎不绝。
来访者接踵而来。
Visitors came one after another.
水旱灾害接踵而来。
Flood and drought came one after the other.
到这里旅游的人接踵而来。
There's a constant stream of tourists here.
56．精髓 [jīngsuǐ]
比喻精华。
noun [喻] essence
他的做派继承了先师的精髓。
His acting carries on the spirit of his deceased master.
57．局促 [júcù]
①狭小：房间太～，走动不便。
②〈方〉（时间）短促：三天太～，恐怕办不成。
③拘谨不自然：～不安。‖也作侷促、跼促。
adjective [拘谨] inhibited
adjective [狭小] cramped
他跟不认识的人在一起感到局促不安。
He was ill at ease with people whom he didn't know.
58．咀嚼菜根
59．崛起 [juéqǐ]
verb [突起] soar
verb [兴起] spring up
吴淞口畔，一座新的钢铁城正在崛起。
At Wusong a
60. 蔑视 [mièshì]
轻视
verb show contempt for
蔑视虚荣才会获得光荣。
He who scorns false glory shall possess the true .
61．破釜沉舟 [pòfǔchénzhōu]
比喻下决心不顾一切地干到底
62．遭受谴责
63．人浮于事 [rénfúyúshì]
浮：超过。原指人的才德高过所得俸禄的等级。后指工作中人员过多或人多事少。
人浮于事、虚职过多
overstaffed and with too many redundant positions。
人浮于事
一些单位人浮于事，正经干活的人不多，吃白饭的倒不少。
64．慑服 [shèfú]
因惧怕而屈服：众皆慑服｜低首慑服。
verb [屈服] submit
65．枢纽 [shūniǔ]
比喻事物的关键或冲要的地点：指挥台是全厂的枢纽｜上海是长江三角洲的枢纽。
noun hub
该市位居南北交通枢纽，为各种重要物资的集散地。
This city, situated at the transportation hub between north and south, is a distribution centre for all kinds of important goods and materials.
我们这里是水旱两路的交通枢纽， 所以商业很繁荣。
It is a transport junction for both land and water here, so business is bustling.
66．水到渠成 [shuǐdàoqúchéng]
渠：水道。水流到的地方自然形成一条水道。比喻条件成熟，事情自然会成功。
他经验丰富，资金充足，开公司是水到渠成的事。
He has a lot of experience and enough capital, so when he starts up a company, success will come naturally.
67．肆无忌惮 [sìwújìdàn]
肆：放肆；忌：顾忌；惮：害怕。非常放肆，一点没有顾忌。
68．挑拨离间 [tiǎobōlíjiàn]
搬弄是非，使别人不团结。
[Chinese idiom] To make mischief; to play somebody off against one another.
挑拨离间，制造混乱，以便浑水摸鱼
sow discord and create confusion so as to fish in troubled waters
挑拨离间是他的拿手好戏。
He makes a speciality of sowing discord. or He is a past master at sowing discord.
他俩最终反目， 都是你挑拨离间造成的。
They turned against each other, primarily because you had been trying to drive a wedge between them.
69．挑衅 [tiǎoxìn]
蓄意挑起争端：制止战争挑衅。
verb provoke
世界舆论谴责侵略者的挑衅。
World opinion condemned the aggressor's provocation.
个别人公开挑衅，个别人暗中设障。
Some were openly challenging, others made trouble behind the scenes.
对于这种挑衅，我们不能置之不理。
We cannot ignore such provocations
70．铤而走险 [tǐnɡ'érzǒuxiǎn]
铤：急走的样子；走险：奔赴险处。指在无路可走的时候采取冒险行动
你有天大的难处也不能铤而走险去干犯法的事啊！
Even if you are in a difficult position, you cannot use it as an excuse to take the risk of committing crimes.
71．斡旋 [wòxuán]
①扭转：大钧播群物，斡旋不作难。引申为调解争端：多亏他从中斡旋，否则很难收场。
②和平解决国际争端的方式之一。指第三者为帮助发生争端的当事国和解，促使他们直接谈判而进行的活动。与调停不同，斡旋者不直接参加谈判，但可提出建议供参考。斡旋者可以是某个国家，也可以是联合国等国际组织。
verb mediate
由于他从中斡旋，双方的争端得到了解决。
Through his mediation the dispute between the two parties was settled.
经过他的斡旋，两国签署了停战协议。
Following his mediation, the two countries signed an armistice.
72．相形见绌 [xiāngxíngjiànchù]
形：对照；绌：不够，不足。和同类的事物相比较，显出不足。
鬼见愁，名字听来令人生畏；但比起我们爬过的一些高山来，未免相形见绌了。
The Devil's Frown, despite its forbidding name, pales beside some of the mountains we have climbed.
73．消遣 [xiāoqiǎn]
①设法度过闲散时间：冬夜长，做针线消遣｜饮酒赏月，消遣时光。
②捉弄；戏耍：看我消遣他则个
verb while away time
养点鱼、种点花，不过是消遣消遣罢了。
在火车上打扑克消遣
beguile the train journey by playing cards
下棋是我喜爱的一种消遣。
Playing chess is one of my favourite pastimes.
大凡一件事的性质由“消遣的”而变为“义务的”，便觉得兴味索然。
Any pastime which is converted into an obligation loses its taste.
74．销声匿迹 [xiāoshēngnìjì]
销：通“消”，消失；匿：隐藏；迹：踪迹。指隐藏起来，不公开露面
这位大明星近来销声匿迹，不知去向。
The renowned film star has of late disappeared from the scene and is nowhere to be found.
他怎么销声匿迹了？
Why has he vanished from the scene?
到了冬天，某些动物停止了活动，销声匿迹了。
When winter arrives, some animals cease being active and disappear from sight.
75．经济萧条[jīngjìxiāotiáo]
economic depression (or slump)
inflationary recession
法国在二十世纪七十年代和八十年代的时候经济萧条。
一定量的黄金储备是应对可能发生的经济萧条的必要措施。
A gold reserve can be a good preparation for the possible depression.
76．亵渎 [xièdú]
轻慢，不庄重不尊敬：亵渎爱情｜亵渎圣人。
verb profane
77．有条不紊 [yǒutiáobùwěn]
紊：乱。形容有条有理，一点不乱。
78．蕴含 [yùnhán]
包含在内。
国乐中蕴含了许多传统文化的因素， 比如诗词文赋。
Traditional Chinese music contains many traditional cultures, such as poetry, ci and prose.
有些俚谚俗语中蕴含的道理是很有意义的。
The truth contained in some proverbs speaks volumes.
地下蕴含着丰富的铁矿。
There are rich iron mines underground.
蕴含。
人民群众中蕴含着无穷的智慧和巨大的创造力。
79．罪孽 [zuìniè]
①迷信者认为当遭报应的大罪恶：罪孽深重｜我今日罪孽可满了。
②苦难：遭不完的罪孽。
noun sin
你的死期将至， 还不好好反省自己的罪孽？
You already have one foot in the grave. Why don't you repent of your sins?
罪孽的报应是丧命
"The wages of sin is death"
posted by mr ng 黄老师 at 11:09 上午
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